But history is not assumption. Yet no narrative has a daily summary of what went on using the rich documents compiled at the time or the growing body of historical literature on the topic. He was a model Latter-day Saint; a good man possessed in large measure with friendliness, integrity, optimism, and unswerving loyalty to his leaders., Smith had a strong relationship with both the Prophet Joseph Smith and President Brigham Young during his apostleship. Young returned east to lead a second company of Mormons to the region in late 1847, and in 1848 was officially selected as the churchs new president. Several church leaders, including Young, were later charged under the law; Young was not convicted, but a case involving his secretary, George Reynolds, went all the way to the U.S. Supreme Court, which in 1879 unanimously decided that the law was constitutional and the First Amendment did not protect polygamy. Sidney Rigdon was, for a time, the second most powerful person in Mormonism. As Compton explains of Joseph F. Smith's ordination, which would later have a significant impact on Church history: Though John Willard "was publicly sustained as an assistant counselor to Brigham," he focused most of his time on business endeavors and lived most of his life in New York, according to Compton. Pres. John D. Lee leading elder in Mt. Brigham Young had six sisters and four brothers. On Sept. 11, 1857, a Mormon militia in southern Utah . 1,204,523 People also liked What are the Physical devices used to construct memories? When Mormons were living in Daviess County, Missouri, he delivered a fiery oration on Independence Day of 1838 in which he promised that the Missourians who Mormons felt were persecuting them (the sentiments had some justification although Mormons did their fair share of antagonizing as well) would need to stop any disputes with the Mormons or face a war of extermination. Young undertook a careful study of the book and eventually passed it on to others in his family, including his brothers Brigham, Joseph and John. Logically, the idea of ordering a massacre as 2,500 U.S. troops marched upon Salt Lake City is absurd. Speaking of lineage, I should like to explain to you that whatever your great-grandparents or forebears did cannot be grafted into your own life. 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Recent studies, including my own, have found 55 well-documented marriages. When Mormons turned up to vote on election day that year, a drunken brawl broke out that resulted in Mormons being blocked from accessing the polls. Tracklist: 01. A US hospital has rejected a patient for a heart transplant at least in part because he is not vaccinated against Covid-19. The incident occurred late Saturday afternoon at . Over the next few decades, as thousands of Mormons arrived in Salt Lake City, the charismatic Young styled himself after the great prophets and leaders of ancient Israel, earning nicknames like Lion of the Lord and American Moses.. . Further, Joseph H. Jackson, a new arrival to Nauvoo who had a shady past, later claimed in his memoirs that Joseph Smith offered him $3,000 to free Rockwell from prison and shoot Boggs. Anonymous. Mormons responded to not being allowed to vote by forming a militia and attacking Gallatin as well as the nearby village of Millport (one militia battle is depicted in the painting above). When it was over, men quarreled over responsibility, and many vowed that no one should ever know of their deadly work, including, presumably, Brigham Young. [4] By 1841 he had relocated to Nauvoo. The winners of the Church History Museums 12th International Art Competition have been announced, and the artwork is breathtaking. The two main contenders were James Jesse Strang and Brigham Young. Mormons believe that Joseph Smith had a vision in 1820 in which he saw God and Jesus (first vision depicted in a sculpture above). Justice John F. Kinney was appointed in 1854, and quickly fought with Young over statutes designed to protect polygamists. . A disgraced former Geography professor at Mormon-founded Brigham Young University in Utah who was charged with sexually abusing a female students after allegedly telling her she needed to straddle . No credible evidence exists that Young wanted the massacre. David Roberts. Seventeen children who were too young to remember the attack were spared. Tensions were further inflamed when news reached Utah around this time that early church leader Parley P. Pratt had been killed by the estranged husband of one of Pratts polygamous wives while he was on a mission to the Eastern United States. Brigham Young, ca 1850 Brigham Young was born June 1, 1801 in Whittingham, Vermont. Traditions abound for alums returning to campus and for students during Homecoming week, October 15-19, 2019. (1975) "Letters of Brigham Young to His Sons Dean C. Jessee," BYU Studies Quarterly: By the summer of 1877, Young's health was in decline, but he continued to play an active role in the Mormon church up until the end. In 1870, church leaders quietly excommunicated Isaac Haight, John D. Lee, and militia leader George Wood. There were several times when Brigham Young's life was spared or his health inexplicably restored, according to BYU professor of Mormon History Donald Q. Cannon ("Brigham Young on Life and Death"). It creates a sensation and sells books. In this period, militia leaders at Cedar City and at Mountain Meadows changed their minds several times whether the killing should go forward. They are also fascinated by stories of murder and especially murder on a grand scale. The council sought to create a Mormon-Indian alliance, and to make such an arrangement attractive to the Indians, Young allegedly told them that he would no longer stop them from stealing emigrant cattle on the California Trail. Not theories. So do some authors whove written about the Mountain Meadows Massacre. S. Dilworth Young. He trudged around the United States and England to gain converts for Mormonism, spoke in spiritual tongues, married more than 50 women, and eventually transformed a barren desert into his vision of the Kingdom of God. Theres one answer to all these questions: Brigham Young ordered the murders as a righteous act of vengeance. That progressed into a host of angels, then it evolved to God appearing to Smith in a pillar of fire. Writing a polemic trying to blame Brigham Young would be self-defeating, just as writing an apologia to clear his skirts would ultimately have to justify murder. (She also established from the most impeccable Mormon sources that Brigham Young had obstructed a murder investigation for 18 years, which made him guilty of felony murder.). Matthew Easton, a 24-year-old political science major, told an audience of thousands, "I'm not broken." How many nieces and nephew luther vandross have? According to Mormon doctrines, prophets speak to God and communicate God's will to Mormons. . Even in households where the men could afford their wives and offered them full financial support, sometimes jealousy and spite divided wives to the point that some would kill themselves to avoid having to live in heaven with their husbands and their sister wives. Young extensively promoted his theology of blood atonement, which held that certain crimes and sins were so vile that they could not be forgiven until a debt had been paid in blood. Anti-Mormons have long claimed that Mormon leader Brigham Young ordered the massacre. The victims bodies were stripped naked and left to rot in the open air. Life After Death: 6 Insights into the Spirit World. The latter is filed in sequential order in Youngs well-preserved and bound letter books. Even though Bennets claims were never directly supported by others, they were implicitly supported by William Law, the man who was Joseph Smiths right-hand man at the time. Dates 1940-1970 Creator Mackay, Eleanor White (Person) Language of Materials Materials are in English. Brigham Young (pictured) is revered by Mormons as the second prophet of modern times. Wouldnt these events have kindled Youngs anger and led him to seek revenge? Church historians revealed over the summer that the 144-year-old Brigham Young Family Cemetery, 140 E. First Avenue, has been bedeviled during the past two years by a spate of trespassing . As the emigrants began to leave, Lee and the militia butchered the men, women, and most of the children. Tragically, Youngs letter arrived two days after the massacre, despite one of the epic rides in Western history. The Center for Family History and Genealogy was established at Brigham Young University in order to utilize BYU resources to simplify the process of finding of ancestors and the discovery of the world in which they lived. If Washington continued to appoint office seekers and corrupt demagogues, Utahs citizens would send them away., Faced with this blatant insubordination, Buchanan ordered an army of 2,500 troops to Utah to install Alfred Cumming as the new governor. Earlier versions featured only Jesus or angels appearing to Smith. After five years researching and writing about this horrific atrocity, I doubted Id ever find a definitive answer to the question, Did Brigham Young order the murders at Mountain Meadows?, To my surprise, I found evidence that convinced me beyond a shadow of a doubt that Brigham Young issued orders (probably verbal) to kill everyone in the Fancher party except those of innocent bloodchildren under eight years of ageto fulfill his sacred vow to avenge the blood of the prophets Joseph and Hyrum Smith, and more specifically, Apostle Parley P. Pratt. He was also the founder of Salt Lake City and the first governor of the Utah Territory, United States. Wild Bill Hickman, a famed gunslinger and friend of the Mormon leader, actually claimed that Young had ordered him to commit some of those murders. He was a brother of the Mormon prophet, Brigham Young (1801-1877). The sheer variety of Brigham Young's marriages makes it difficult to make sense of them. Some Mormons say that some of the scrolls must still be missing, but Smith included facsimiles of the scrolls in his translation and they are clearly misinterpreted, with female figures listed as male, canopic jars indicated to be idolatrous gods, and the Egyptian fertility god, Min (depicted in a painted relief above), labeled God, sitting on his throne. The image of Min in the facsimile included in Mormon scriptures is sporting a comically exaggerated erection. After spending the winter of 1846-47 in a camp along the Missouri River between Iowa and Nebraska, Young headed further west with 142 men, including six apostles, three women and two children, in April 1847. Ann Eliza Webb, after she decided to divorce Young in 1873, published an expos entitled Wife No. Though many suspected Young of ordering or at least covering up the attack, John Lee, an adopted son of Youngs, was the only Mormon brought to trial for the Mountain Meadows massacre; he was executed in 1877. "use strict";(function(){var insertion=document.getElementById("citation-access-date");var date=new Date().toLocaleDateString(undefined,{month:"long",day:"numeric",year:"numeric"});insertion.parentElement.replaceChild(document.createTextNode(date),insertion)})(); FACT CHECK: We strive for accuracy and fairness. However, he was not the youngest apostle ever ordained. They primarily belong to The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints, or LDS, which is headquartered in Salt Lake City, Utah, and has more than 16 read more, When Brigham Young and his band of Mormon settlers marched into Utah in 1847, they saw a vast expanse of land they envisioned as a sanctuary. Who is Katy mixon body double eastbound and down season 1 finale? FactSnippet No. The attack occurred on April 6. After a standoff of several days, the Mormons called a truce, only to massacre most of the wagon train party, including some 120 men, women and children. They were clubbed, stabbed or shot at point-blank range, then stripped and left to be scavenged by wolves and buzzards. Haight then turned the gun on himself. Stubborn facts. The alleged rape came in the context of the bloody Mormon War of 1838, which saw the massacre of eighteen unsuspecting Mormon men and boys during an attack on a settlement by Missouri non-Mormons . The footage showed the massive professional athlete throwing the victim around her home with brutal force in front of their then-5-month-old son. A wagon train of around 120 emigrants, mostly families from Arkansas, was bound for California. Five days later the church president spoke to a congregation filled with many of the participants in the massacre. The only ones spared were 17 children under the age of eight, who were taken in by local Mormon families, and would later testify they saw their parents clothes and jewels being worn by locals. However, Smith told as many as 10 versions of the story and many had serious contradictions. Richards. The evidence has been so corruptedsuppressed, destroyed, and fabricatedits hard to determine the date the murders took place, let alone trace all the ins and outs of the conspiracy behind the crime. Brigham Young wasn't the only latter-day prophet to have such close experiences with death. He went on to become a missionary in England. Witnesses later testified about Haslams dramatic arrival in Salt Lake City, the writing of the letter and its dispatch South. Why did he do nothing to return the stolen property of the 17 surviving orphans? Polygamy has long been a blight on Mormonisms public relations. In several speeches given to large gatherings of Latter-day Saints, he proclaimed that the only way a person could be absolved of the sin of leaving Mormonism would be for that person to have his or her blood spilled on the ground. In the video that Harrold recorded, the woman could be seen yelling at the teen and lunging at him during the Dec. 26 incident. The Mountain Meadows Massacre was a horrible atrocity, and the conduct of some Mormons involved in it was deplorable: strong words from the Tabernacle pulpit, Saints seeking vengeance because of their past persecution, Youngs risky Native American alliance, senseless acts by some local Mormon leaders, Utahs troubling episodes of extralegal violence and most awful, the terrible killing at Mountain Meadows. Women in Utah were treated like a commodity, with Church apostle Heber C. Kimball once observing, I would think nothing more of taking a wife than of buying a cow. Men married additional women to show their status as righteous men who were devoted to their faith and would often marry more women than they could afford to support, keeping the less-liked wives in other towns and forcing them to earn their own living. Who were the models in Van Halen's finish what you started video? According to Todd Compton, a Mormon historian and author ofJohn Willard Young, Brigham Young, and the Development of Presidential Succession in the LDS Church, John Willard Young was the youngest person ever ordained an apostle, which happened during a private event in 1855. That admonition includes charging Brigham Young with crimes that he did not commit. This will always be so.. Egyptologists (both Mormon and non-Mormon) were invited to view the scrolls and translate them, but they found that the scrolls were ordinary funerary texts that had nothing to do with Abraham. When they turned up at the Smithsonian Institute in the 1920s, they were returned to the Mormon Church. These men later insisted that no orders had come from Salt Lake City, and this testimony included that given by those who in later life left Utah and Mormonism. On the other hand, Mormons have insisted that the massacre was perpetrated by local members acting without sanction from headquarters. According to Mormon doctrines, prophets speak to God and communicate Gods will to Mormons. Of course, anti-Young historians say otherwise. He promised they wouldnt stop until the last drop of blood was spilled. Shortly after the outbreak of the Civil War, Brigham Young and his entourage visited Mountain Meadows for the first time since 1857. Brigham Young, second President of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, better known as the Mormon Church, ranks among the most influential and important historical figures not just in Mormon, but also in American history. Or did his belief in heavenly justice prove him an unlikely culprit? Later in 1841, Young served a mission to Cincinnati and its environs with Franklin D. However, the scrolls that he used to translate were believed for years to have been burned in a fire. Brigham Young (pictured) is revered by Mormons as the second prophet of modern times. Prosecutors in New York City are investigating an incident in which a jazz musician said his 14-year-old son was attacked by a woman who falsely accused him of taking her iPhone. A later biography of Ann Eliza Young termed her The Twenty-Seventh Wife. Brigham Young later privately set apart three other sons and Joseph F. Smith as apostles who served as "assistant Counselors to the First Presidency.". The Latter-day Saint community [in Las Vegas is] vibrant across every facetpolitically, public service, charitable. Enter your email to receive updates on our LDS Living content, 2022 LDS Living A Division of Deseret Book Company. The following are a few facts necessary for an understanding of this terrible event in Western and Mormon history. While looking at a Tombstone photo, I saw a sign that says mule and ox shoes to order. The proclamation is very clear: . Will Bagley, a history columnist for the Salt Lake Tribune, is the author of Blood of the Prophets: Brigham Young and the Massacre at Mountain Meadows published by the University of Oklahoma Press. Everybody (Source Codes) College volleyball's opening weekend ended with a fan banned from Brigham Young University's athletic facilities and statements expressing regret from two universities and the governor of Utah. And the suppressing of evidence, Andrew Hamilton said in 1735, ought always be taken for the best evidence.. In 1830, Young was contacted by Samuel H. Smith, a missionary in the recently established Latter Day Saint movement. All Rights Reserved. His grandson and namesake, George Albert Smith, later became an apostle and prophet of the Church. What type of electrical charge does a proton have? [3], In 1840, Young moved to Scott County, Illinois when the Latter Day Saints were expelled from Missouri. Even though Young blessed it as a place to begin anew,his fears of continued religious persecution may have caused him to order a massacre. Letters of Brigham Young to His Sons Dean C. Jessee Stanford J. Layton Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/byusq Part of the Mormon Studies Commons, and the Religious Education Commons Recommended Citation Layton, Stanford J. He was ordained king and priest by the Council of Fifty, and acted accordingly. TAMPA, Fla. Acting as his own lawyer, a double-murder defendant opened his death penalty trial by shouting at jurors that he did not attack his girlfriend and disabled daughter. While several reasons for this statement may be suggested, most persuasive is the ebb and flow of the local decision-making during the weeklong event. And in the fall of 1842, Brigham Young faced a mysterious and deadly illness. It misfired six times, and he then pointed it at a post and all six shots discharged properly" (Remembering Joseph" by Mark L. McConkie, 73-74). His brother Joseph was baptized the next day and Brigham Young was baptized approximately one week later. Young considered all of the United States culpable for the death of Joseph Smith, and added an oath of vengeance to the Mormon temple endowment: You and each of you do covenant and promise that you will pray and never cease to pray to Almighty God to avenge the blood of the prophets upon this nation, and that you will teach the same to your children and to your childrens children unto the third and fourth generation.. He governed the territory as a theocracy, with church doctrines taking precedence over laws. Young settled in Salt Lake City. There is room for my brown paper-doll family: 2 gospel truths I learned as a young girl that carry my faith, Bright lights in the desert: How Latter-day Saints have shaped Las Vegas culture, community, and politics, See the stunning winners of the Churchs International Art Competition.
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